Tidal energy is a very abundant source of energy which has the potential to power many homes around the globe. It is produced by the natural rise and fall of tides caused by the gravitational interaction between the earth, the sun, and the moon. Tidal currents with sufficient energy for harvesting occur whenever water passes...

Gas to Liquid (GTL) technologies have several stages of long and relatively successful development, as well as a fairly developed infrastructure for their application. On the one hand, the now long history of operation of large GTL plants in Qatar, South Africa, Malaysia and Nigeria demonstrate the attractiveness of this...

Lithium is a mineral which occurs naturally and constitutes about 0.0007 percent of the Earth's crust. Lithium is contained in minerals and salts of natural brines which can be found underground or in seawater. Lithium can also form a byproduct of hydraulic fracturing. There it is mostly contained in fracturing fluids. Such...

Wind energy is without doubt one of the most important resources for achieving a cleaner and more sustainable energy industry. It is small wonder, therefore, that many countries around the world are continuously increasing their wind capacities to reduce the negative impacts of a fossil fuel-dependent energy industry. The US,...

Introduction Increasing the use of hydrogen in modern energy is a prerequisite for its transition towards low-carbon forms of energy production and consumption. Hydrogen is unique primarily because it can be used both as an environmentally friendly fuel and as a medium for energy storage. However, the global hydrogen...

Geothermal energy is among the most sustainable sources of energy found on this planet. The hot water which can be found in the earth crust at a depth of about 5000 metres already has a temperature of about 200 degrees Celsius and can be pumped to the surface where it may be used to generate electricity via a steam turbine or...

Methanol is a very versatile alcohol and used to make a great variety of products, such as paints and plastics or fuel. It is small wonder, therefore, that around the globe many research projects are devoted to the development of methods of sustainable methanol production. If, for example, a method could be found to...

With the number of wind power installations increasing around the globe every year, utilising spent material, such as blade debris, is turning into one of the most challenging issues of modern wind industry. A study conducted by the University of Cambridge found that 43 million tonnes of wind turbine blade waste are likely to...

In the constant search for cleaner transportation and industry fuels as well as means of power generation, scientists have long been concerned with finding more eco-friendly ways to produce hydrogen as this energy source usually does not release CO2 emissions. Its generation, however, is responsible for a lot of pollution,...

Every year, more than 380 million tonnes of plastic are produced around the globe which greatly contribute to global pollution as a large part of it remains in the environment or enters the oceans. Only a small percentage of the plastic waste produced is subjected to some form of recycling. About 12 percent is incinerated and...