Today, inventing enhanced or new sources of energy has become one of the most important tasks of modern engineering science. In this endeavour, particular focus is being placed on developing more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells as they are cheaper and easier to produce than current commercial silicon-based solar...
The water gas shift reaction (WGSR) is an exothermic reaction taking place between carbon monoxide and steam to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen. In typical industrial applications, the WGSR is conducted as a two-stage process: the high temperature stage performed over an iron-based catalyst in the temperature range 320 –...
Graphene is a nanomaterial consisting of carbon atoms which are made up of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. The name is derived from graphite and the suffix -ene and describes the nature of the graphite allotrope of carbon which contains numerous double bonds. In a graphene sheet, each...
There are several methods to generate power, even if there are no external power sources available. This is particularly useful if you want to make energy systems work independently and not susceptible to power shortages or blackouts. One such method is to use small vibrations, temperature differences in electronic systems and...
In search of an alternative technology for battery design sodium-ion batteries have emerged as potential candidates as a replacement for traditional lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion comprise lithium, cobalt, copper and nickel, materials which are scarce, have high environmental impact and high cost. Sodium on the other hand...
Hydrogen is an abundant material constituting about 75 per cent of the mass of the universe. It is also an element that will certainly one day be used on a larger scale for vehicle propulsion. In order to achieve this goal, improving storage methods is of key importance as efficiently storing this material is a challenging...
One of the greatest challenges nowadays is to develop energy-efficient electronics which can accommodate the requirements of modern electronic devices. As these devices have become ever smaller over the years the materials powering them have to become equally thinner without losing any of their efficiency. Ferroelectrics...
Unravelling the atomic structure of different materials is usually a difficult process which leaves a lot of questions unanswered when it comes to analysing the X-ray data. However, this process has recently become much easier as a new approach combines high-powered X-ray beams with advanced computing methodologies. ...
Lemna minor, also called the common duckweed or lesser duckweed, is an aquatic freshwater plant. It is used as animal fodder, bioremediator, for wastewater nutrient recovery, and also biofuel production. Unlike first generation biofuels, duckweed does not require the use of farmland as duckweed is a fairly small aquatic plant...
Among the manifold ways to generate electricity from renewable sources, solar PV modules are believed to be one of the most efficient. Especially heterojunction solar cells have a low carbon footprint because of the sparing use of silicon in them and high efficiency levels in industrial production. During the production of...
