Aenert news. Ratings
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) published the 2023 Global Innovation Index (the GII), which was the 16th edition. The ranking list included 132 countries and one hundred of the world's largest science and technology clusters. The choice of countries was not random. They account for 92.5 percent of the world's population and 97.6 percent of global GDP at purchasing power parity.
The assessment model included 80 indicators from three different groups:
quantitative/objective/hard data (64 indicators); composite indicators/index data (11 indicators); and survey/qualitative/subjective/soft data (5 indicators). The largest amount of data for index calculations was in 2022 (34.7%) and 2021 (34.2%).
The publication WIPO came out with the intriguing title “Innovation in the face of uncertainty.” In addition, there was an explanation for this: “After a boom in 2021, investments in innovation showed a mixed performance in 2022.” In particular, in 2022 there was a decrease in the value of venture investments by 37.8% and stagnation in the filing of international patent applications (0.3 percent growth). In addition, it is reported that “the number of scientific publications in 2022 grew modestly by 1.5 percent to about 2 million articles,” while the socio-economic impact of innovation remains low.
The framework of the GII 2023 consists of several blocks:
Institutions;
Human capital and research;
Infrastructure;
Market sophistication;
Business sophistication.
Switzerland has become the leader of the GII 2023 ranking for the 13th time. The top 10 countries on this list are shown in the table below.
| GII rank | Economy | Score | Income group rank | Region rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switzerland | 67.6 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Sweden | 64.2 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | United States | 63.5 | 3 | 1 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 62.4 | 4 | 3 |
| 5 | Singapore | 61.5 | 5 | 1 |
| 6 | Finland | 61.2 | 6 | 4 |
| 7 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 60.4 | 7 | 5 |
| 8 | Germany | 58.8 | 8 | 6 |
| 9 | Denmark | 58.7 | 9 | 7 |
| 10 | Republic of Korea | 58.6 | 10 | 2 |
Source: WIPO
Among other countries that largely determine the global innovation process, we mention France (11th place in the ranking), China (12th place), Japan (13th place), Canada (15th place). The top 40 countries also included Israel, Austria, Norway, Spain, and India. The top 50 includes Poland, Vietnam, Brazil, Saudi Arabia.
For each country, the publication provides detailed data for each ranking position. For the leader of the rating – Switzerland, these statistics are summarized below.
Switzerland: GII rank -1; Score - 67.6
| Framework of the Global Innovation Index 2023 | Score/ Value | Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Institutions: Institutional environment/ Regulatory environment/ Business environment | 87.3 | 2 |
| Human capital and research: Education/ Tertiary education /Research and development (R&D) | 59.8 | 6 |
| Infrastructure: Information and communication technologies (ICTs)/ General infrastructure/ Ecological sustainability | 64.3 | 4 |
| Market sophistication: Credit/ Investment/ Trade, diversification and market scale | 64.4 | 7 |
| Business sophistication: Knowledge workers/ Innovation linkages/ Knowledge absorption | 65.5 | 5 |
| Knowledge and technology outputs: Knowledge creation/ / Knowledge impact/ Knowledge diffusion | 65.3 | 1 |
| Creative outputs: Intangible assets/ Creative goods and services/Online creativity | 68.5 | 1 |
Source: WIPO
In this paper, several points are devoted to renewable energy in the context of the socio-economic impact of innovation. It is noted solar and wind electricity production costs have decreased by approximately 13 percent between 2020 and 2021. However, the uncertainty of future forecasts is specifically noted. This process is also typical for the state of the battery market, where after a decade of price declines, an increase of 7% was recorded in 2022 (from 141 to 151 US dollars/kWh). There is also some caution in assessing the further growth in consumption of electric vehicles.
As part of the global innovation rating, the 100 best scientific and technical clusters have been identified. The first five of them included Tokyo–Yokohama (Japan), Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou (China and Hong Kong, China), Seoul (Republic of Korea) and then China's Beijing and Shanghai–Suzhou clusters.
By the Editorial Board
