Basic infrastructure facilities of the fossil fuel sector in South Africa

1. Geology and Resources of Some World Oil-Shale Deposits.  (PDF) (2003) / J.R.Dyni. / Estonian Academy Publishers / www.kirj.ee
2. BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2019 (BP) / BP / www.bp.com  
3. South Africa / Central Intelligence Agency / www.cia.gov
4. South Africa / U.S. Energy Information Administration (October 26, 2017) / www.eia.gov
5. South Africa / ITA / www.theodora.com/pipelines
6. South Africa / Openstreetmap / www.openstreetmap.org
7. South Africa / Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) / www.opec.org
8. South Africa / OECD Nuclear Energy Agency / www.oecd-nea.org
9. 2010 Survey of Energy Resources (PDF) / The World Energy Council / www.worldenergy.org
10. South Africa / U.S. EPA Coalbed Methane Outreach Program / www.epa.gov/cmop/coal-mine-methane-country-profiles
11. South Africa / World Nuclear Association / www.world-nuclear.org
12. World Shale Resource Assessments (PDF) / U.S. Energy Information Administration (11/28/2018) / www.eia.gov
13. World Energy Resources. Coal | 2016 (PDF) / World Energy Council / www.worldenergy.org
14. Mining / Statistics South Africa / www.statssa.gov.za
15. Exploration Maps: South Africa / Petroleum Agency South Africa / www.petroleumagencysa.com  
16. Petroleum Exploration and Production Activities in South Africa (PDF) / Petroleum Agency South Africa / www.petroleumagencysa.com
17. Oribi / Oryx / Offshore Projects / SubSeaIQ / www.subseaiq.com  
18. Crude / Products and Services / PetroSA / www.petrosa.co.za  
19. South Africa: PetroSA resumes Oribi and Oryx oilfields production / 3 December 2008 / Energy-pedia News / www.energy-pedia.com  
20. PetroSA suspends Orca activities at Oribi/Oryx oilfields / 12 June 2015 / Mossel Bay Advertiser / www.mosselbayadvertiser.com /
21. Sable oil field / A Barrel full / abarrelfull.wikidot.com
22. Options for gas to power in South Africa. January 2016 / Nicholas Newman. / Google / www.google.com
23. Ibhubesi Gas Field, Orange Basin, South Africa / Offshore Technology / www.offshore-technology.com  
24. Kudu Gas Field / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudu_gas_field
25. Kudu Gas Field, Orange Sub-Basin, Namibia / Offshore Technology / www.offshore-technology.com
26. Natural gas in South Africa – production and exploration. August 2013 / David van der Spuy. / Petroleum Agency South Africa / www.petroleumagencysa.com  
27. PetroSA begins gas field appraisal / January 30, 2009 / Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections / www.gasandoil.com
28. Mossel Bay, South Africa / Offshore Technology / www.offshore-technology.com
29. Historic Milestones / Discover PetroSA / PetroSA / www.petrosa.co.za
30. Operations and Refinery / PetroSA / www.petrosa.co.za
31. South Coast Gas Project Online / October 5, 2007/ Petroleum Africa / www.petroleumafrica.com
32. Pioneer Begins Production at South Coast Gas Project / 5 October 2007 / Rigzone / www.rigzone.com
33. Oribi / Oryx / Offshore Projects / SubSeaIQ / www.subseaiq.com
34. Crude / Products and Services / PetroSA / www.petrosa.co.za
35. South Africa: PetroSA resumes Oribi and Oryx oilfields production / 3 December 2008 / Energy-pedia News / www.energy-pedia.com
36. South Africa / Pipelines / Central Intelligence Agency / www.cia.gov  
37. South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe Pipelines map – 2008 year map / Existing Natural gas pipelines map in South Africa / ITA / www.theodora.com/pipelines
38. South Africa refurbishes 7.5 mln bbls oil storage for use / August 18, 2015 / Reuters / www.reuters.com
39. Oil pipelines / Petroleum Exploration and Production Activities in South Africa / Petroleum Agency South Africa / www.petroleumagencysa.com
40. South Africa Oil Pipeline / ITA / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93South_Africa_Oil_Pipeline
41. Overview / ROMPCO / www.rompco.co.za
42. Pande Gas Pipeline, Mozambique / Case Studies / Endeavor Energy / endeavor-energy.com
43. Transnet pipelines / Our Divisions / Transnet / www.transnet.net  
44. The Pipeline Network / Infrastrucuture / Mpumalanga Province Freight Transport Data Bank / www.safiri.co.za
45. Spring Lights Gas, one of the first BBBEE-rated marketer of pipeline gas in South Africa, began trading in piped gas in 2002 / 8 April 2009 / Google / www.google.com
46. South Africa / List of oil refineries Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oil_refineries
47. Sapref Durban Refinery / African Refineries / A Barrel Full / abarrelfull.wikidot.com
48. About SAPREF / Sapref / www.sapref.com  
49. Engen Durban Refinery / A Barrel Full / abarrelfull.wikidot.com  
50. Engen Petroleum / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engen_Petroleum
51. Engen Refinery / Petronas / www.petronas.com.my
52. Caltex Capetown Refinery / A Barrel Full / abarrelfull.wikidot.com
53. South Africa / Project porfolio / Chevron / www.chevron.com
54. Natref Sasolburg Refinery / A Barrel Full / abarrelfull.wikidot.com
55. Natref Refinery / Total South Africa / www.total.co.za
56. Natref Refinery / Total South Africa / www.total.co.za
57. Vopak Terminal Durban / Vopak / www.vopak.com  
58. Port of Durban / World Port Source / www.worldportsource.com
59. South Africa / Global strategic petroleum reserves / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org
60. South Africa refurbishes 7.5 mln bbls oil storage for use / August 18, 2015 / Reuters / www.reuters.com  
61. Oiltanking MOGS Saldanha Makes Final Investment Decision for a Crude Oil Storage Terminal in Saldanha Bay / 27/02/2017 / Europetrole / www.euro-petrole.com  
62. South Africa to build oil storage and blending terminal / 10 September 2013 / Alain Charles Publishing Ltd. / www.oilreviewafrica.com  
63. Vopak Terminal Durban / Vopak / www.vopak.com  
64. South Africa / Uranium mining by country / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_mining_by_country
65. Uranium mining in South Africa / World Nuclear Association / www.world-nuclear.org
66. South Africa / Uranium production figures, 2004-2014 / World Nuclear Association / www.world-nuclear.org
67. Uranium 2014: Resources, Production and Demand / OECD Nuclear Energy Agency / www.oecd-nea.org  
68. Coal in South Africa / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_in_South_Africa  
69. Chapter 31: South Africa / Coal Mine Methane Country Profiles / U.S. EPA Coalbed Methane Outreach Program / www.epa.gov/cmop/
70. Coal Resources / Department Energy of Republic of South Africa / www.energy.gov.za
71. Coal in South Africa / South Africa / The World Energy Council / www.worldenergy.org
72. Major Coal Mines / South Africa and Coal / Source Watch / www.sourcewatch.org
73. Location and Geology / Mining in SA / Chamber of Mines of South Africa / www.chamberofmines.org.za  
74. Grootegeluk / Coal / Where we operate / Exxaro / www.exxaro.com
75. Sell-side analyst visit South Africa, November 2013 Presentation (PDF) / Glencore / www.glencore.com
76. Wolvekrans Middelburg Complex (PDF) / Klipsruit Investor Tour. 28 September 2016 / South32 Limited / www.south32.net
77. Makhado / Projects / Coal of Africa Limited / www.coalofafrica.com  
78. Twistdraai, South Africa / Mining Technology / www.mining-technology.com  
79. Operations / Locations / Mining / Sasol / www.sasol.com
80. Anglo American plc Production Report for the first quarter ended 31 March 2017 (PDF) /  Anglo American plc / www.angloamerican.com
81. Kangala Mine (Thermal Coal) / Universal Coal plc / www.universalcoal.com  
82. Richards Bay Coal Terminal / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richards_Bay_Coal_Terminal
83. Richards Bay Coal Terminal / Source Watch / www.sourcewatch.org
84. Who we are / About RBCT / Richards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT) / www.rbct.co.za
85. Africa’s top 10 ports / 12 May 2008 / ITP Digital Media / www.arabianbusiness.com
86. Durban Coal Port / Source Watch / www.sourcewatch.org

Electricity production in South Africa

1. South Africa / Electrictiy Generation / U.S. Energy Information Administration (January 2020) / www.eia.gov
2. Electricity generation / South Africa / International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) / resourceirena.irena.org
3. TDP 2015-2024 South Africa Grid Map (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
4. Eskom’s power transmission development plan / November 13th, 2015 / EE Publishers / www.ee.co.za
5. Eskom Power stations, February 2013 (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
6. Figure. South African grid map, 2013/2014 / Company Information / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
7. Eskom’s 765 kV transmission projects, as at December 2011 / Eskom Integrated Reporting / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
8. Southern Africa grid map, Eskom Holdings Limited Annual report 2009 (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
9. Eskom Commissions 765 kV transmission line in Western Cape / December 1, 2016 / Creamer Media’s Engineering News / www.engineeringnews.co.za
10. Update on South Africa transmission projects / 28 June 2013 / ESI Africa / www.esi-africa.com  
11. Electric grid lines / South Africa / OpenStreetMap / www.openstreetmap.org
12. Namibia-South Africa transmission line (400 kV) and South Africa-Mozambique line (400-533 kV) (PDF) / Sida / www.sida.se
13. Power quality boost for Swaziland / 27 August 2000 / Mining Weekly / www.miningweekly.com  
14. Swaziland Renewables Readiness Assessment (PDF) /The Government Of the Kingdom Of Eswatini /  www.gov.sz/irena_rra_swaziland_2014.pdf  
15. Hydroelectric / List of power stations in South Africa / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Africa
16. Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 (PDF) / Conventional hydro stations over 100 MW / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
17. Renewable energy: Hydroelectric power stations. Fact sheet. (PDF) /  Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
18. Gariep Dam / Wikipedia /   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gariep_Dam
19. Vanderkloof Dam / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanderkloof_Dam  
20. Pumped Storage Scheme / List of power stations in South Africa / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Africa
21. Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
22. Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingula_Pumped_Storage_Scheme  
23. Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme / DOE Global Energy Storage Database / www.energystorageexchange.org  
24. Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drakensberg_Pumped_Storage_Scheme
25. Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme / DOE Global Energy Storage Database / www.energystorageexchange.org  
26. Pumped Storage Schemes: Drakensberg and Palmiet. Fact sheet / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
27. Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmiet_Pumped_Storage_Scheme
28. Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme / DOE Global Energy Storage Database / www.energystorageexchange.org
29. Pumped Storage Schemes: Drakensberg and Palmiet. Fact sheet / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
30. Steenbras Power Station (Pumped Storage) / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Africa
31. Steenbras Dam Pumped Storage Scheme / DOE Global Energy Storage Database / www.energystorageexchange.org  
32. Steenbras Dam (hydro electric power station) (Cape Town) /Wikimapia / wikimapia.org  
33. Steenbras storage scheme helps to offset loadshedding / 2015-09-17 / Cape Town Green Map / www.capetowngreenmap.co.za
34. World Energy Resources: 2013 Survey (PDF) / World Energy Council / www.worldenergy.org
35. World Small Hydropower Development Report 2016 – South Africa (PDF) / Small Hydropower World / www.smallhydroworld.org  
36. Small hydropower in Southern Africa – an overview of five countries in the region. / Wim Jonker Klunne. / Google / www.google.com
37. Hidroenergia 2012 (PDF) / Google / www.google.com
38. Koeberg Nuclear Power Station / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koeberg_Nuclear_Power_Station
39. South Africa / World Nuclear Association / www.world-nuclear.org
40. Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 (PDF) Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
41. Nuclear Energy: Koeberg Power Station. Fact sheet. / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
42. South Africa / Fossil Fuels Energy / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
43. Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
44. Kendal Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendal_Power_Station  
45. Kendal Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
46. Kendal Coal Power Station SA / Global Energy Observatory / globalenergyobservatory.org
47. Majuba Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majuba_Power_Station
48. Majuba Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
49. Matimba Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matimba_Power_Station  
50. Matimba Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
51. Lethabo Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethabo_Power_Station
52. Lethabo Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
53. Tutuka Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuka_Power_Station
54. Tutuka Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
55. Duvha Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duvha_Power_Station
56. Duvha Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
57. Matla Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matla_Power_Station  
58. Matla Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
59. Kriel Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriel_Power_Station
60. Kriel Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
61. Arnot Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnot_Power_Station  
62. Arnot Coal Power Plant / South Africa / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
63. Hendrina Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrina_Power_Station
64. Hendrina Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
62. Medupi Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medupi_Power_Station  
66. Medupi Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
67. Camden Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden_Power_Station
68. Camden Coal Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
69. Ankerlig Power Station / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankerlig_Power_Station  
70. Ankerlig I Gas Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
71. Ankerlig II Gas Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
72. Ankerlig OCGT Power Station SA / Global Energy Observatory / globalenergyobservatory.org  
73. Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
74. Ankerlig and Gourikwa Gas Turbine Power Stations. Fact sheet. (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
75. Gourikwa I Gas Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
76. Gourikwa II Gas Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
77 Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
78. Avon Peaking Power, South Africa’s Largest IPP, Reaches Commercial Operation Adding 670 MW to the National Grid / Power Magazine / www.powermag.com
79. Dedisa 300 MW Open Cycle Power Plant (PDF) / Ansaldo Energia / www.ansaldoenergia.it
80. Acacia Gas Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
81. Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za  
82. Port Rex Gas Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
83. Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
84. Port Rex and Acacia Gas Turbine Power Stations. Fact sheet. (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za

Renewable energy in  South Africa

1. Electricity generation / South Africa / International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) / resourceirena.irena.org
2. Installed capacity / South Africa / International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) / resourceirena.irena.org  
3. List of power stations in South Africa / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Africa  
4. South Africa: China Longyuan to build 244 MW De Aar / Windpower Intelligence / www.windpowerintelligence.com  
5. Longyuan Mulilo De Aar Wind Power / Mulilo / mulilo.com
6. Longyuan Mulilo De Aar 2 North 144 MW / Mulilo / mulilo.com
7. Longyuan Mulilo De Aar Maanhaarberg WEF 96.48 MW Onshore Wind Energy Facility (PDF) / Google / www.google.com
8. Khobab Wind Farm / Khobab Wind Farm / khobabwind.co.za  
9. Khobab wind farm lifts first wind turbine / 22 March 27, 2017 / Mainstream Renewable Power / mainstreamrp.com  
10. Project 8289: Cookhouse Wind Farm in South Africa / Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) / cdm.unfccc.int  
11. How renewable energy in South Africa is quietly stealing a march on coal / 1 June 2015 / The Guardian / www.theguardian.com  
12. Gouda Wind Facility / Wikipedia /  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouda_Wind_Facility
13. Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa / Power Technology / www.power-technology.com  
14. 138MW wind farm opens in Jeffrey’s Bay / 2014/07/10 / News24 / www.news24.com  
15. The Wind Turbine / About Wind Energy / Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm / jeffreysbaywindfarm.co.za  
16. Amakhala Emoyeni Wind Farm, Bedford, South Africa / Power Technology / www.power-technology.com  
17. Amakhala Emoyeni Wind Farm / Windlab Limited / www.windlab.com
18. S.Africa: Gibson Bay wind farm kicks into commercial operation / 4 May 2017 / ESI Africa / www.esi-africa.com  
19. Enel’s 111 MW Gibson Bay wind farm starts commercial operation / May 5, 2017 / Power World Analysis / www.powerworldanalysis.com  
20. Sere Wind Farm / Wikipedia /   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sere_Wind_Farm
21. Generation Plant Mix by Eskom Company, February 2017 (PDF) / Eskom / www.eskom.co.za
22. Dorper Wind Farm / dorperwindfarm.co.za  
23. Nordex successfully entering the South African market / 09.11.2012 / Nordex SE / www.nordex-online.com
24. Project 8404: West Coast 1 Wind Farm in South Africa / Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) / cdm.unfccc.int  
25. West Coast One Wind Energy Facility / Windlab Limited / www.windlab.com
26. 94 MW West Coast One Wind Farm in South Africa Reaches Commercial Operation / 09 June 2015 / ENGIE / www.engie.com/en/  
27. Tsitsikamma Community Wind Farm / Kou-Kamma Municipality / www.koukammamunicipality.gov.za  
28. Tsitsikamma Community Wind Farm in full swing / 19 september 2016 / ESI Africa / www.esi-africa.com  
29. TCWF / Cennergi (Pty) Ltd  / clients1.3gs.co.za/cennergi/
30. De Aar 3 Solar Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
31. Solar Capital says 75 MW De Aar project is first phase / Creamer Media’s Engineering News / www.engineeringnews.co.za
32. South Africa’s Largest  Thin-Film Solar PV Project Commissioned / CleanTechnica / cleantechnica.com
33. The largest solar farm in Africa, Middle East and the SouthernHemisphere opens / March 18, 2016 / CNBC Africa / www.cnbcafrica.com
34. Jasper Solar Energy Project / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper_Solar_Energy_Project
35. Jasper Solar Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
36. Tehcnology: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) / Renewable Energy Developments in Southern Africa / www.energy.org.za
37. Jasper Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant, South Africa / Power Technology / www.power-technology.com
38. Jasper / SolarReserve, LLC / www.solarreserve.com/en/
39. Adams Solar Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
40. Enel commissions two solar PV plants in South Africa / Energy Storage Europe / www.energy-storage-online.com
41. Paleisheuwel photovoltaic power plant connected to grid / eNews Channel Africa / www.enca.com
42. Puilda Solar Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
43. Enel commissions two solar PV plants in South Africa / Energy Storage Europe / www.energy-storage-online.com
44. Paleisheuwel photovoltaic power plant connected to grid / 5 May 2016 / eNews Channel Africa / www.enca.com
45. Sonnedix connects 86 MW South African solar PV plant / October 31, 2016 / PV Magazine / www.pv-magazine.com
46. Mulilo-Sonnedix-Prieska Solar PV plant achieves commercial operation / 26 July 2016 / Sonnedix / www.sonnedix.com
47. Mulilo-Sonnedix-Prieska PV 75 MW / Mulilo / mulilo.com
48. Paleisheuwel Solar Power Plant / Solar Energy / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
49. Enel starts production at it’s largest solar power plant in South Africa / 4 May 2016 / Enel Green Power / www.enelgreenpower.com
50. Paleisheuwel photovoltaic power plant connected to grid / 5 May 2016 / eNews Channel Africa / www.enca.com
51. Sishen Solar Power Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
52. Sishen Solar Facility / Renewable Energy Developments in Southern Africa / www.energy.org.za
53. Sishen Solar Park / Acciona / www.acciona.com.au
54. Touwsrivier (44.19 MWp) /nCPV Consortium / cpvconsortium.org
55. Touwsrivier Solar Plant / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
56. Touwsrivier CPV Plant / Western Cape Government / www.westerncape.gov.za
57. Khi Solar One / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khi_Solar_One
58. Khi Solar One / South Africa / National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) / www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/
59. KaXu Solar One / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KaXu_Solar_One
60. Bokpoort CSP / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokpoort_CSP
61. Bokpoort / National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) / www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/
62. Kathu Solar / National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) / www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/
63. Kathu Solar Park / www.kathusolarpark.co.za
64. Xina Solar One / National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) / www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/  
65. List of power stations in South Africa / Wikipedia / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Africa  
66. Ilanga I / CSP Projects / National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) / www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/
67. South Africa’s ethanol industry is far behind and so small / October 27, 2014 / Ethanol Producer Magazine / ethanolproducer.com
68. SACU Ethanol Capacities / Ethanol Producers Association of Southern Africa (EPASA) / www.epasa.org.za  
69. Secunda, South Africa / Chemicals Technology / www.chemicals-technology.com
70. Sasol to build high-purity ethanol plant / December 10, 1998 / Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections / www.gasandoil.com
71. Company Overview / NCP Alcohols / www.ncpalcohols.com
72. Merebank, Glendale and Tanzania Ethanol Distilleries / Illovo Sugar Group / www.illovosugar.co.za
73. About us / Greenpoint Alcohols / www.greenpointalcohols.com  
74. SACU Ethanol Capacities / Ethanol Producers Association of Southern Africa (EPASA) / www.epasa.org.za  
75. Johannesburg / Tehcnology: Landfill Gas / Renewable Energy Developments in Southern Africa / www.energy.org.za
76. Project 6797: Joburg Landfill Gas to Energy Project / Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) / cdm.unfccc.int
77. Consortium to submit IPP bid for 19 MW landfill gas-to-energy project / 30 September 2011 / Engineering News / www.engineeringnews.co.za
78. Joburg goes from landfill gas to electricity / 20 January 2014 / City of Johannesburg / joburg.org.za
79. Landfill Gas / Enipedia / enipedia.tudelft.nl  
80. State of Renewable Energy in South Africa (PDF) / Department of Energy Republic of South Africa / www.energy.gov.za
81. Municipal Landfill gas to electricity project: Bisasar Road and Mariannhill Landfill Sites grid-tied electricity generation (PDF) / Sustainable Energy Africa / www.cityenergy.org.za
82. Landfill Gas / Enipedia / enipedia.tudelft.nl
83. State of Renewable Energy in South Africa (PDF) / Department of Energy Republic of South Africa / www.energy.gov.za
84. Municipal Landfill gas to electricity project: Bisasar Road and Mariannhill Landfill Sites grid-tied electricity generation (PDF) / Sustainable Energy Africa / www.cityenergy.org.za
85. Landfill Gas / Enipedia / enipedia.tudelft.nl
86. Biogas / Enipedia / enipedia.tudelft.nl
87. State of Renewable Energy in South Africa (PDF) / Department of Energy Republic of South Africa / www.energy.gov.za  
88. Anaergia Secures Deal to Operate 4.6 MW Biogas Plant in South Africa / 02/08/2016 / Waste Management World / waste-management-world.com  
89. Bronkhorstspruit / Bio2Watt AS / www.bio2watt.com  
90. Biogas / Enipedia / enipedia.tudelft.nl  
91. Cape Dairy / Bio2Watt AS / www.bio2watt.com  
92. Project 0446: PetroSA Biogas to Energy Project / Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) / cdm.unfccc.int  
93. PetroSA Biogas Project / 14 November 2013 / BioTherm Energy / www.biothermenergy.com  
94. Biogas / Renewable energy projects / Western Cape Sustainable Database / Western Cape Government / www.westerncape.gov.za  
95. Biomass / Enipedia / enipedia.tudelft.nl
96. South Africa / Sugar Industry / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
97. Illovo – Sezela Sugar Refining Mill / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
98. Sezela Downstream / Illovo Sugar Group / www.illovosugar.co.za
99. Tongaat Hulett - Felixton Sugar Refining Mill / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
100. Felixton Mill / Sugar Mills / Tongaat Hullet / www.huletts.co.za  
101. Maidstone Mill / Tongaat Hullet / www.huletts.co.za  
102. Tongaat Hulett - Amatikulu Sugar Refining Mill / Industry About / www.industryabout.com  
103. Amatikulu Mill / Tongaat Hullet / www.huletts.co.za  
104. TSB - Malelane Sugar Refining Mill / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
105. Sugar Milling and Refining / SASA / www.sasa.org.za  
106. Illovo - Noodsberg Sugar Refining Mill / Industry About / www.industryabout.com
107. Energy Management News. December 2011 (PDF) / Google / www.google.com
108. SA’s first wind turbine manufacturer gearing up for production / 21 October 2011 / Maritz Africa / www.howwemadeitinafrica.com
109. State of Renewable Energy in South Africa (PDF) / Department of Energy Republic of South Africa / www.energy.gov.za  
110. Big step into wind power / 2014/11/06 / GRI Renewable Industries / www.gri.com.es/en/  
111. GRI South Africa Opens New Wind Tower Mast Manufacturing Plant / 5 November 2014 / Western Cape Government / www.westerncape.gov.za  
112. Solar resource data obtained from the Global Solar Atlas, owned by the World Bank Group and provided by Solargis / Global Solar Athlas / globalsolaratlas.info
113. Austria Wind Map / Global Wind Atlas 2.0, a free, web-based application developed, owned and operated by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in partnership with the World Bank Group, utilizing data provided by Vortex, with funding provided by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). For additional information: globalwindatlas.info