Energy industry in Australia
Explanatory remarks
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ABBREVIATIONS 1G biofuels First generation biofuels are produced directly from food crops 2G biofuels Second generation biofuels are produced from non-food crops 3G biofuels Third generation biofuels on the other hand mostly refers to those derived from algae AAPG American Association of Petroleum Geologists ABARES Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences ADEME L’Agence de l’environnement et de la maîtrise de l’énergie (French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) AEBIOM European Biomass Association AEE Asociación Empresarial Eólica (Spain) AGA American Gas Association AMM Abandoned Mine Methane APG Associated Petroleum Gas API or API gravity The American Petroleum Institute gravity AU Assessment unit BEV Battery-electric vehicle BGR Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe BP British Petroleum BTL Biomass to liquid BtL-FT Biomass to liquid using Fischer-Tropsch process CBM Coal Bed Methane CCGT Combined cycle power plant CCPI Climate Change Performance Index CH4 Methane CHP Combined heat and power CIPA Centro de Investigacion en Polimeros Avanzados (Advanced Polymer Research Center) CMM Coal Mine Methane CNG Compressed natural gas CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina) CPV Concentrator photovoltaics CSIRO Commonwealth Scinetific and Industrial Research Orginization CSM Coal Seam Methane CSP Concentrated Solar Power CTL Coal to Liquids DME Dimethyl Ether DNI Direct Normal Irradiation DOE Department of Energy DPRK Democratic People's Republic of Korea E85 A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline E95 A fuel containing a mixture of 95 percent ethanol and 5 percent gasoline EAPI Energy Architecture Performance Index EDGAR Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research EDR Economic Demonstrated Resources EGS Enhanced Geothermal System EIA Energy Information Administration ENAP Empresa Nacional del Petróleo (National Petroleum Company) EOR Enhanced oil recovery EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPI Environmental Performance Index ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program ETP 2DS Energy Technology Perspectives Scenario (projected to limit warming to 2°C) EU European Union EVI Environmental Vulnerability Index FGR Flare Gas Recovery FPSO Floating Production Storage and Offloading Unit GCR The Global Competitiveness Report GDI Global Direct Irradiation GDP Gross domestic product GENI Global Energy Network Institute GGFR Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership GHG Greenhouse Gases GHI Global Horizontal Irradiation GII Global Innovation Index GMI Global Methane Initiative GOR Gas to oil ratio GTL Gas to liquids GWEC Global Wind Energy Council HCPV High-Concentration Systems HVDC High voltage direct current HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning IEA International Energy Agency IFP Institut français du pétrole (French Institute of Petroleum) INSEAD Institut Européen d’Administration des Affaires IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency JRC European Commission, Joint Research Centre KNPC Kuwait National Petroleum Company KOSEP Korea South-East Power LCPV Low-Concentration Systems LED Light-emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LGR Liquids to gas ratio LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LOHC The Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MBHW Multibranched Horizontal Wells MSW Municipal Solid Waste MTG Methanol to gasoline NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NDRC National Development and Reform Commission (China) NEA National Energy Administration (China) NELHA Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory NGL Natural gas liquids NGO Non Government Organisation NIOC National Iranian Oil Company NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) OAPEC The Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OGIFF Oil and gas integrated field file OPEC The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela) ORC Organic Rankine Cycle OTEC Ocean thermal energy conversion OMV Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung (Austrian Mineral Oil Administration) PBL Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency) PEM elecrolysis Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis PGNIG Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo (Polish Mining and Gas Extraction Company) PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle PHWR Pressurized heavy-water reactor PNNL Pasific Northwest National Laboratory PPP Purchasing power parity PV Photovoltaic PVC Photovoltaic cell QS Quacquarelli Symonds RECAI Renewable energy country attractiveness index SAGD Steam-assisted gravity drainage SDH Solar District Heating SEA Sistema Eléctrico de Aysén (Electric System of Aysén) SEG Society of Exploration Geophysicists SEM Sistema Eléctrico de Magallanes (Electric System of Magallanes) SENER Sistema de Información Energética (Mexico) SIC Sistema Interconectado Central (Central Interconnected System) SING Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande (Interconnected System of Norte Grande) SINTEF Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning SNG Synthetic natural gas SO2 Sulfur dioxide SOCAR State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic SOPAC South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission SWERA Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment SWH Solar water heating TFEC Total final energy consumption TPES Total primary energy supply TPS Total petroleum system UCG Underground coal gasification UK United Kingdom UNEP United National Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization U.S. or U.S.A. United States of America US$, $, USD The United States dollar USGS United States Geological Survey VAM Ventilation air methane WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WITS World Integrated Trade Solution YPF Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales ZEV Zero-emission vehicle -
UNITS B, bbl barrel or barrels 1 bbl =158.984 liter bar metric unit of pressure 1 bar = 100 kPa = 0.987 atm BB billion barrels BBL billion barrels of petroleum liquids; includes crude oil, condensate, and natural gas liquids BBNGL billion barrels of natural gas liquids BBO billion barrels of crude oil bcf billion cubic feet 1 bcf = 0,028 billion cubic meters BCFG billion cubic feet of natural gas bcm billion cubic meter 1 bcm = 35,3 billion cubic feet bkWh billion kilowatthours bln cbm billion cubic meters bln billion blpd barrels of liquids per day BOE or BBOE barrels of oil equivalent BL barrels of petroleum liquids;
includes crude oil, condensate, and natural gas liquidsBNGL barrels of natural gas liquids BO barrels of crude oi BOE barrels of oil equivalent Btu british thermal units 1 Btu = 1.054 ÷ 1.060 kJ (kilojoules) Btu/lb british thermal units per pound BW barrels of water bpd barrels per day BSCFD billion standard cubic feet per day °C degree Celsius cbm cubic metres cf cubic feet 1 cf = 0.02832 m3 cfd cubic feet per day CFG cubic feet of natural gas Cond. condensate cP or mPa·s centipoise or millipascal seconds (viscosity) Cum. cumulative d day EJ Exajoule 1 EJ = 1018 J (joule) EJ / yr Exajoule per year EUR Estimated ultimate recovery °F Degree Fahrenheit ft foot or feet ft³ cubic feet g / cm3 gram per cubic centimeter GJ gigajoule 1 GJ = 109 J (joule) GtC gigatons of carbon GW gigawatt GWe gigawatt electrical GWh gigawatt hours GWh (th) thermal potential ha hectar 1 ha = 10.000 m2 h, hr hour HI hydrogen index J joule 1 J = 0.2390 cal (gram calories) k thousand kg kilogram kgoe kilogram(s) of oil equivalent kl kilolitres klaa/a kilolitres absolute alcohol per year kl/year kilolitres per year km kilometre km2 square kilometre kt kiloton ktoe kiloton of oil equivalent kV kilovolt kWh kilowatthour(s) KWh/m2/d kilowatt-hours per square meter per day kW/m kilowatt per meter (wave power density) l litres L petroleum liquids; includes crude oil, condensate, and natural gas liquids lb pound or pounds lt long ton 1lt = 2240 lb (1016 kg) m metre or meter 1 m ≈ 3.2808 ft m2 square meters m3 cubic meter MB thousand barrels MBBLs thousand standard barrels MBNGL thousand barrels of natural gas liquids MBO thousand barrels of crude oil MBOE thousand barrels of oil equivalent mcf thousand cubic feet MCf / day thousand cubic feet per day mcfg thousand cubic feet of natural gas mi2 square miles m/s metre per second m/sec metre per second mlnbbl million barrels mln ft3/day million cubic feet per day mln t/year million tonnes per year mmcf million cubic feet mmcfg million cubic feet of natural gas Mcm, mcm million cubic meters MMB million barrels MGD million gallons per day MGY million gallons per year mln cfd million cubic feet per day mln kl million kilolitres MM (mln) million mmbbl million barrels MMBNGL million barrels of natural gas liquids MMBtu million British thermal units MMm³ million cubic meters 1 MMSCF = 35,3 million cubic feet MMSCF million standard cubic feet MMBO million barrels of crude oil MMBOE million barrels of oil equivalent MMscfd million standard cubic feet per day MMst million short tons MMT CO2, MmtCO2e million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents mt metric ton 1 mt = 2204 lb (1000 kg) Mtoe million tons of oil equivalent mtpa million tonnes per year MW megawatt Mwe, Mwel megawatt electric MWh, MWth megawatt hour MWp megawatt of power Nm³ normal cubic meter Nm3/hr normal cubic meter per hour PJ petajoule PWh petawatt hour 1 Pwh = 1012 kWh scfd standard cubic feet per day SCFM standard cubic feet per minute short tons 1 short tons = 2000 lb (907.2 kg) Sm³, Smc metro cubo standard (standard cubic meter) t tons or metric tonne t/a tonnes per annum t/year, t/y, tpy ton per year TCF trillion cubic feet 1 TCF = 0,028 trillion cubic meters TCFG trillion cubic feet of natural gas Tcm trillion cubic meters TJ terajoule t/m³ tonne per cubic meter tpd tons per day tph tons per hour Tscf trillions of standard cubic feet tU tonnes of uranium tU/year thermal unit per year TWh terawatt hour W/kg The power-to-weight ratio (specific power) W/L Power Density W/m2 watt per square metre
